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Which of the following statements correctly describes the hydronium-hydroxide balance in the given solution?

A. In neutral solutions, [tex]$\left[ H _3 O ^{+}\right]=\left[ OH ^{-}\right]$[/tex].
B. In bases, [tex]$\left[ OH ^{-}\right]$[/tex] is less than [tex]$\left[ H _3 O ^{+}\right]$[/tex].
C. In bases, [tex]$\left[ OH ^{-}\right]=\left[ H _3 O ^{+}\right]$[/tex].
D. In bases, [tex]$\left[ OH ^{-}\right]$[/tex] is greater than [tex]$\left[ H _3 O ^{+}\right]$[/tex].
E. In acids, [tex]$\left[ OH ^{-}\right]$[/tex] is greater than [tex]$\left[ H _3 O ^{+}\right]$[/tex].

Sagot :

GinnyAnswer
To address the question correctly, let's evaluate each statement about the balance between hydronium ions ([tex]\(\left[ H_3O^+ \right]\)[/tex]) and hydroxide ions ([tex]\(\left[ OH^- \right]\)[/tex]) in different types of solutions.

1. In neutral solutions, [tex]\(\left[ H_3O^+ \right] = \left[ OH^- \right]\)[/tex]:
- This statement is true. A neutral solution has equal concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide ions. At 25°C, the concentration of each ion in pure water is [tex]\(1 \times 10^{-7} \)[/tex] M.

2. In bases, [tex]\(\left[ OH^- \right]\)[/tex] is less than [tex]\(\left[ H_3O^+ \right]\)[/tex]:
- This statement is false. In a basic solution, the concentration of hydroxide ions is greater than the concentration of hydronium ions, meaning [tex]\(\left[ OH^- \right] > \left[ H_3O^+ \right]\)[/tex].

3. In bases, [tex]\(\left[ OH^- \right] = \left[ H_3O^+ \right]\)[/tex]:
- This statement is also false. In basic solutions, the concentrations of [tex]\(\left[ OH^- \right]\)[/tex] and [tex]\(\left[ H_3O^+ \right]\)[/tex] are not equal; the hydroxide ion concentration is higher.

4. In bases, [tex]\(\left[ OH^- \right]\)[/tex] is greater than [tex]\(\left[ H_3O^+ \right]\)[/tex]:
- This statement is true. By definition, basic solutions have a higher concentration of hydroxide ions compared to hydronium ions.

5. In acids, [tex]\(\left[ OH^- \right] \)[/tex] is greater than [tex]\(\left[ H_3O^+ \right]\)[/tex]:
- This statement is false. In an acidic solution, the concentration of hydronium ions is greater than that of hydroxide ions, meaning [tex]\(\left[ H_3O^+ \right] > \(\left[ OH^- \right]\)[/tex].

Thus, the correct statements from the given list are:
1. In neutral solutions, [tex]\(\left[ H_3O^+ \right] = \left[ OH^- \right]\)[/tex].
4. In bases, [tex]\(\left[ OH^- \right]\)[/tex] is greater than [tex]\(\left[ H_3O^+ \right]\)[/tex].

So, the correctly identified statements are:
1 and 4.
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