Final answer:
Israel during the time of the Mosaic covenant had a theocratic form of government where God acted as King.
Explanation:
The form of government that Israel had during the time of the Mosaic covenant, with God acting as its king, is called a theocracy.
This means that the government was believed to be directly ruled by divine guidance, with God recognized as the supreme civil ruler. The Mosaic code aimed to make Israel a 'kingdom of priests' where only God ruled as King.
Theocracy is a unique form of government where religious beliefs play a central role in governing the state.
Learn more about Theocracy as a form of government here:
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