Final answer:
The First Crusade was initiated by Pope Urban II in response to a Byzantine request to aid in liberating the Christian Holy Land from non-Christian control, emphasizing defense of Christians rather than violence against Muslims.
Explanation:
Pope Urban II's call for the First Crusade was driven by the Byzantine request to aid in liberating the Christian Holy Land. It was initially focused on defending Christians living there rather than promoting violence against Muslims. The Crusades were also influenced by a combination of factors such as the reforming goals of the Church, political competition in Europe, and the concept of Just War.
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