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Part 1: Identify the correct nucleotide sequence and explain why it is different from Ja'Niya's answer.

Ja'Niya's mistake is that she incorrectly transcribed the DNA sequence into mRNA. The correct transcription of the DNA sequence TAA CGC ACT into mRNA should be as follows:
- DNA: TAA CGC ACT
- mRNA: AUU GCG UGA

The reason Ja'Niya's answer is incorrect is that she used the complementary DNA bases instead of the RNA bases. In RNA, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U) instead of thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).

Part 2: Using the codon table along with the correct nucleotide sequence, teach Ja'Niya how to use the codon chart. Make sure you include each step as well as the final amino acid sequence in your explanation.

Using the correct mRNA sequence (AUU GCG UGA), we can find the corresponding amino acids using the codon chart provided.

1. Break down the mRNA sequence into codons (groups of three nucleotides):
- AUU
- GCG
- UGA

2. Use the codon chart to determine the amino acid for each codon:
- AUU codes for Isoleucine (Ile)
- GCG codes for Alanine (Ala)
- UGA is a stop codon, which signals the end of the protein synthesis.

Thus, the final amino acid sequence is:
- Isoleucine (Ile)
- Alanine (Ala)

The presence of the stop codon (UGA) indicates that the protein synthesis will terminate after these two amino acids.

Sagot :

GinnyAnswer
Certainly! Let's start by addressing both parts of the question in detail:

### Part 1: Identifying the Correct Nucleotide Sequence

First, we need to convert the given DNA strand (DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid) into an mRNA strand (mRNA stands for messenger ribonucleic acid). The DNA sequence provided is:
```
TAA CGC ACT
```

Transcription Process:
During transcription, the DNA sequence is used as a template to form an mRNA sequence. The rules for base pairing from DNA to mRNA are:
- Adenine (A) in DNA pairs with Uracil (U) in mRNA.
- Thymine (T) in DNA pairs with Adenine (A) in mRNA.
- Cytosine (C) in DNA pairs with Guanine (G) in mRNA.
- Guanine (G) in DNA pairs with Cytosine (C) in mRNA.

Applying these rules to the given DNA sequence:

| DNA | T | A | A | | C | G | C | | A | C | T |
|-----------|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mRNA | A | U | U | | G | C | G | | U | G | A |

So, the correct mRNA sequence is:
```
AUU GCG UGA
```

Ja'Niya made an error by directly replacing DNA nucleotides with what seems to be another set of DNA nucleotides instead of mRNA nucleotides.

### Part 2: Using the Codon Table to Determine the Amino Acid Sequence

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. Divide the mRNA sequence into codons:
Codons are groups of three nucleotides. From the mRNA sequence `AUU GCG UGA`, we divide this into:
```
AUU GCG UGA
```

2. Translate each codon using the codon table:
- AUU: According to the codon table, this codon corresponds to Isoleucine (Ile).
- GCG: This translates to Alanine (Ala).
- UGA: This is a Stop codon, signaling the end of protein synthesis.

The process is as follows:
- Look at the first position of the codon in the leftmost column.
- Find the second position within the table header (U, C, A, G at the top).
- Locate the specific amino acid by matching the third position in the right column of the appropriate section.

3. Final Amino Acid Sequence:
Combining the translated amino acids we get:
```
Isoleucine (Ile) - Alanine (Ala) - Stop
```

The presence of a stop codon (UGA) indicates that the protein synthesis will end at this point, meaning no more amino acids will be added beyond the ones we have translated.

### Summary
- Correct mRNA Sequence: `AUU GCG UGA`
- Amino Acid Sequence:
- Ile (Isoleucine)
- Ala (Alanine)
- Stop (End of translation)

This process leads Ja'Niya to understand that following the base-pairing rules correctly and using the codon chart properly are essential for determining the correct amino acids sequences from mRNA.
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