Military tactics, alliances with indigenous communities, and the introduction of smallpox were key factors in Hernán Cortés's victory over the Aztec Empire.
Military tactics and weaponry played a significant role in Hernán Cortés's victory over the Aztec Empire. The Spanish had superior arms, including steel armor and swords, and the advantage of attacking on horseback, compared to the Aztec forces who used bows, arrows, and spears.
The alliances with indigenous communities like the Tlaxcalans, who joined forces with the Spanish against the Aztecs, greatly contributed to Cortés's success. These alliances provided additional fighters for the Spanish in the siege of Tenochtitlán.
The inadvertent introduction of smallpox into Tenochtitlán by the Spanish resulted in the deaths of thousands, weakening the Aztec population and further aiding Cortés's conquest.
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