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Sonia works at a bakery. The function [tex]\( f(x) \)[/tex] represents the amount of money Sonia earns per loaf, where [tex]\( x \)[/tex] is the number of loaves she makes. The function [tex]\( g(x) \)[/tex] represents the number of bread loaves Sonia bakes per hour, where [tex]\( x \)[/tex] is the number of hours she works. Show all work to find [tex]\( f(g(x)) \)[/tex], and explain what [tex]\( f(g(x)) \)[/tex] represents.

[tex]\[
\begin{array}{l}
f(x) = 9x^2 + 1 \\
g(x) = \sqrt{2x^3}
\end{array}
\][/tex]


Sagot :

Alright, let's carefully break down the problem step-by-step to solve for [tex]\(f(g(x))\)[/tex].

1. Understanding [tex]\(f(x)\)[/tex] and [tex]\(g(x)\)[/tex]:
- [tex]\(f(x) = 9x^2 + 1\)[/tex]: This function [tex]\(f(x)\)[/tex] represents the amount of money Sonia earns per loaf. Given [tex]\(x\)[/tex] as the number of loaves, [tex]\(f(x)\)[/tex] computes the earnings.
- [tex]\(g(x) = \sqrt{2x^3}\)[/tex]: This function [tex]\(g(x)\)[/tex] represents the number of loaves Sonia bakes per hour. Given [tex]\(x\)[/tex] as the number of hours she works, [tex]\(g(x)\)[/tex] computes the number of loaves baked.

2. Finding [tex]\(f(g(x))\)[/tex]:
- To compute [tex]\(f(g(x))\)[/tex], we need to substitute [tex]\(g(x)\)[/tex] into [tex]\(f(x)\)[/tex].
- First, let's understand what [tex]\(g(x)\)[/tex] gives us. [tex]\(g(x)\)[/tex] provides the number of loaves baked in [tex]\(x\)[/tex] hours. So, [tex]\(g(x) = \sqrt{2x^3}\)[/tex].

3. Substitute [tex]\(g(x)\)[/tex] into [tex]\(f(x)\)[/tex]:
- Now, we substitute [tex]\(g(x)\)[/tex] into [tex]\(f(x)\)[/tex]:
[tex]\[ f(g(x)) = f(\sqrt{2x^3}) \][/tex]
- Recall that [tex]\(f(x)\)[/tex] is [tex]\(9x^2 + 1\)[/tex]. So wherever we see [tex]\(x\)[/tex] in [tex]\(f(x)\)[/tex], we substitute it with [tex]\(g(x)\)[/tex]:
[tex]\[ f(\sqrt{2x^3}) = 9(\sqrt{2x^3})^2 + 1 \][/tex]

4. Simplify the expression:
- Simplify the expression inside [tex]\(f(x)\)[/tex]:
[tex]\[ (\sqrt{2x^3})^2 = 2x^3 \][/tex]
- Now substitute this back into the equation:
[tex]\[ f(g(x)) = 9(2x^3) + 1 \][/tex]
- Simplify further:
[tex]\[ f(g(x)) = 18x^3 + 1 \][/tex]

5. Understanding what [tex]\(f(g(x))\)[/tex] represents:
- The function [tex]\(f(g(x))\)[/tex] represents the total earnings Sonia makes per hour she works at the bakery.
- Given [tex]\(x\)[/tex] hours of work, [tex]\(g(x)\)[/tex] gives the number of loaves baked, and [tex]\(f(g(x))\)[/tex] then gives the corresponding earnings for those loaves.

6. Verifying with example values:
- Let's look at some specific values for [tex]\(x = 0, 1, 2\)[/tex]:
- For [tex]\(x = 0\)[/tex]:
[tex]\[ f(g(0)) = 18(0)^3 + 1 = 1 \][/tex]
- For [tex]\(x = 1\)[/tex]:
[tex]\[ f(g(1)) = 18(1)^3 + 1 = 18 + 1 = 19 \][/tex]
- For [tex]\(x = 2\)[/tex]:
[tex]\[ f(g(2)) = 18(2)^3 + 1 = 18(8) + 1 = 144 + 1 = 145 \][/tex]

Combining these results, we find:
[tex]\[ \{0: 1, 1: 19, 2: 145\} \][/tex]

This confirms:
- For 0 hours of work, Sonia earns [tex]$1. - For 1 hour of work, Sonia earns $[/tex]19.
- For 2 hours of work, Sonia earns $145.

[tex]\(f(g(x))\)[/tex] therefore is a function that tells us Sonia's earnings based on the hours she works, efficiently combining her productivity [tex]\(g(x)\)[/tex] with her earnings per loaf [tex]\(f(x)\)[/tex].