To determine the nature of the bond between phosphorus (P) and oxygen (O) in phosphorus pentoxide \((P_2O_5)\), we can use the concept of electronegativity difference. The electronegativity values for phosphorus and oxygen are provided as follows:
- Electronegativity of phosphorus (P): 2.19
- Electronegativity of oxygen (O): 3.44
Here is the step-by-step solution:
1. Calculate the Difference in Electronegativity:
We find the absolute difference between the electronegativity values of phosphorus and oxygen.
[tex]\[
\text{Electronegativity difference} = | \text{Electronegativity of O} - \text{Electronegativity of P} |
\][/tex]
Substituting the given values:
[tex]\[
\text{Electronegativity difference} = | 3.44 - 2.19 | = 1.25
\][/tex]
2. Determine the Nature of the Bond:
Based on the electronegativity difference, we categorize the bond type as follows:
- If the electronegativity difference is between 0 and 0.4, the bond is nonpolar covalent.
- If the electronegativity difference is between 0.4 and 1.7, the bond is polar covalent.
- If the electronegativity difference is greater than 1.7, the bond is ionic.
3. Analyze the Result:
The calculated electronegativity difference is 1.25, which falls within the range of 0.4 to 1.7. Hence, according to the criteria given, the bond between P and O in phosphorus pentoxide is classified as a polar covalent bond.
Thus, the correct answer is that the nature of the [tex]\(P-O\)[/tex] bond in [tex]\(\text{P}_2\text{O}_5\)[/tex] is polar covalent.
