Let's analyze the provided table and the statements to identify the correct description of \(X\) and \(Y\).
The table categorizes bacteria by form, shape, and associated disease:
[tex]\[
\begin{array}{|l|c|c|}
\hline
\text{Form} & \text{Shape} & \text{Associated disease} \\
\hline
\text{Coccus} & X & \text{Strep throat} \\
\hline
\text{Bacillus} & \text{Rod shaped} & Y \\
\hline
\text{Spirillum} & \text{Spiral} & \text{Cholera} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\][/tex]
Here are the descriptions:
1. Coccus bacteria are generally spherical in shape.
2. Bacillus bacteria are rod-shaped.
3. Spirillum bacteria have a spiral shape.
Now, let's examine the possible answers for \(X\) and \(Y\):
1. \(X =\) Spherical; \(Y =\) E. coli
- Correct description for \(X\) (Coccus bacteria are spherical).
- E. coli is a type of bacillus (rod-shaped) bacteria.
2. \(X =\) Comma shaped; \(Y =\) Whooping cough
- Incorrect: Coccus bacteria are not comma-shaped; they are spherical.
- Whooping cough is caused by the bacillus Bordetella pertussis, which matches the form but the shape description was incorrect.
3. \(X =\) Oval shaped; \(Y =\) S. aureus
- Incorrect: Coccus bacteria are spherical, not oval.
- S. aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) is a spherical (coccus) bacterium, matching neither form nor shape for \(Y\).
4. \(X =\) Rod shaped; \(Y =\) Pneumonia
- Incorrect: Coccus bacteria are not rod-shaped, they are spherical.
- While pneumonia can be caused by several agents (including Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is actually spherical), stating a general form is misleading.
Given the descriptions and statements:
- The best description based on correct form, shape, and associated disease is:
\(X = \text{Spherical}; Y = E. coli\)
Therefore, the best describes \(X\) and \(Y\) are:
[tex]\(X = \text{Spherical}; Y = E. coli\)[/tex].
