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Which concept involves the act of self-denial, a belief in the calling and morality of hard work, and is said to have been the cause of the Industrial Revolution?

A. Integrity of Spirit
B. The Protestant Work Ethic
C. Moral Superiority
D. Catholic Guilt

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Final answer:

The Protestant Work Ethic influenced capitalism through hard work and personal gain based on inner grace, with Calvinism redefining the link between work and piety. Weber's analysis highlights the enduring impact of these religious beliefs on modern society.


Explanation:

The Protestant Work Ethic, as presented by Max Weber, is a belief system originating from the Calvinist principles of predestination that emphasized hard work and the value of personal gain based on inner grace rather than good deeds for salvation. This ethic influenced the rise of capitalism and shaped the modern world order, with Protestants valuing capitalist ideas more than Catholics.

Calvinism, particularly through ascetic Protestant denominations, redefined the link between work and piety, endorsing economic pursuits and imbuing them with moral and spiritual significance. Believers expressed their devotion through hard work and success in their secular vocations.

Religious Foundations of Worldly Asceticism traced by Weber show how certain religious beliefs led to practices like hard work, savings, and sobriety, embodying the essence of capitalism. These ideas had lasting impacts even after the original religious motives faded, influencing the behaviors and practices of modern society.


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