Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with ions forming when electrons are lost or gained, leading to charged particles.
An atom is composed of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, surrounded by electrons. The nucleus consists of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons, while electrons carry a negative charge.
When atoms lose or gain electrons, they become ions, which are charged particles. If an atom loses electrons, it becomes a cation with a positive charge, and if it gains electrons, it becomes an anion with a negative charge.
The nucleus, comprising protons and neutrons, accounts for most of the atom's mass, while the comparatively lighter electrons orbit the nucleus in energy shells.
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