Vertical archipelagos:
A. Made it difficult for the Incan state to grow and govern and they increasingly relied on local chieftains.
B. Forced the Inca to innovate new farming techniques to manage the problems that the archipelagos posed to food production.
C. Created difficulties that pushed the Inca to become heavily reliant on fishing and coastal living and, ultimately, leave the mountains.
D. Placed members of the same lineage or ayllus at different vertical levels, allowing them to perform different tasks and integrate the society across elevations.