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E.111 Chemical Reactions

Examples

Name the following compounds:
(a) [tex]Cu(NO_3)_2[/tex]
(b) [tex]KH_2PO_4[/tex]
(c) [tex]NH_4ClO_3[/tex]
(d) [tex]PbO[/tex]
(e) [tex]Li_2SO_4[/tex]

Sagot :

GinnyAnswer
Let's address the problem of naming the given chemical compounds.

### Step-by-Step Solution

1. Chemical Compound [tex]$Cu \left( NO _3\right)_2$[/tex]

- The notation denotes copper combined with nitrate.
- [tex]$Cu$[/tex] represents the element Copper.
- [tex]$\left( NO _3\right)_2$[/tex] represents two nitrate ions.
- Since copper has a variable oxidation state, we need to determine which state it is in. Nitrate (NO₃⁻) has a charge of -1, and there are two of them, giving a total charge of -2.
- To balance this, copper must have a +2 charge.
- Hence, the name of this compound is Copper(II) nitrate.

2. Chemical Compound [tex]$KH _2 PO _4$[/tex]

- The notation denotes potassium combined with dihydrogen phosphate.
- [tex]$K$[/tex] represents the element Potassium.
- [tex]$H _2 PO _4$[/tex] is the dihydrogen phosphate ion.
- Potassium has a +1 charge, and dihydrogen phosphate is a common polyatomic ion.
- Therefore, the name of this compound is Potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

3. Chemical Compound [tex]$NH _4 ClO _3$[/tex]

- The notation denotes ammonium combined with chlorate.
- [tex]$NH _4$[/tex] represents the ammonium ion.
- [tex]$ClO _3$[/tex] is the chlorate ion.
- Ammonium has a +1 charge, and chlorate has a -1 charge.
- Therefore, the name of this compound is Ammonium chlorate.

4. Chemical Compound [tex]$PbO$[/tex]

- The notation denotes lead combined with oxide.
- [tex]$Pb$[/tex] represents the element Lead.
- [tex]$O$[/tex] represents oxide (O²⁻).
- As lead typically can be in +2 or +4 oxidation states, we determine it must be +2 to balance the charge of oxygen (which has a charge of -2).
- Hence, the name of this compound is Lead(II) oxide.

5. Chemical Compound [tex]$Li _2 SO _4$[/tex]

- The notation denotes lithium combined with sulfate.
- [tex]$Li$[/tex] represents the element Lithium.
- [tex]$SO _4$[/tex] is the sulfate ion.
- Lithium has a +1 charge, and there are two lithium ions, resulting in a total of +2.
- Sulfate has a charge of -2, balancing the compound.
- Therefore, the name of this compound is Lithium sulfate.

### Conclusion

The names of the compounds are:
- (a) Copper(II) nitrate
- (b) Potassium dihydrogen phosphate
- (c) Ammonium chlorate
- (d) Lead(II) oxide
- (e) Lithium sulfate
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