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Sagot :
To determine the formulas of the given ionic compounds, we need to combine the positive (cation) and negative (anion) ions in a way that the total charge of the compound is zero. Here are the step-by-step solutions for each given compound:
1. Potassium carbonate:
- Positive Ion: [tex]\( K ^{+} \)[/tex]
- Negative Ion: [tex]\( CO_3^{2-} \)[/tex]
Since potassium ions each have a charge of +1 and carbonate ions have a charge of -2, we need two potassium ions to balance the charge of one carbonate ion.
- Formula: [tex]\( K_2CO_3 \)[/tex]
2. Sodium nitrate:
- Positive Ion: [tex]\( Na^{+} \)[/tex]
- Negative Ion: [tex]\( NO_3^{-} \)[/tex]
Sodium ions each have a charge of +1 and nitrate ions have a charge of -1, so we need only one sodium ion to balance one nitrate ion.
- Formula: [tex]\( NaNO_3 \)[/tex]
3. Calcium bicarbonate:
- Positive Ion: [tex]\( Ca^{2+} \)[/tex]
- Negative Ion: [tex]\( HCO_3^{-} \)[/tex]
Calcium ions each have a charge of +2 and bicarbonate ions have a charge of -1, so we need two bicarbonate ions to balance one calcium ion.
- Formula: [tex]\( Ca(HCO_3)_2 \)[/tex]
4. Aluminum hydroxide:
- Positive Ion: [tex]\( Al^{3+} \)[/tex]
- Negative Ion: [tex]\( OH^{-} \)[/tex]
Aluminum ions each have a charge of +3 and hydroxide ions have a charge of -1, so we need three hydroxide ions to balance one aluminum ion.
- Formula: [tex]\( Al(OH)_3 \)[/tex]
5. Lithium phosphate:
- Positive Ion: [tex]\( Li^{+} \)[/tex]
- Negative Ion: [tex]\( PO_4^{3-} \)[/tex]
Lithium ions each have a charge of +1 and phosphate ions have a charge of -3, so we need three lithium ions to balance one phosphate ion.
- Formula: [tex]\( Li_3PO_4 \)[/tex]
6. Potassium sulfate:
- Positive Ion: [tex]\( K^{+} \)[/tex]
- Negative Ion: [tex]\( SO_4^{2-} \)[/tex]
Potassium ions each have a charge of +1 and sulfate ions have a charge of -2, so we need two potassium ions to balance one sulfate ion.
- Formula: [tex]\( K_2SO_4 \)[/tex]
Here's the completed table with the formulas filled in:
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
Name & Positive Ion & Negative Ion & Formula \\
\hline
Potassium carbonate & [tex]$K ^{+}$[/tex] & [tex]$CO_3^{2-}$[/tex] & [tex]$K_2CO_3$[/tex] \\
\hline
Sodium nitrate & [tex]$Na^{+}$[/tex] & [tex]$NO_3^{-}$[/tex] & [tex]$NaNO_3$[/tex] \\
\hline
Calcium bicarbonate & [tex]$Ca^{2+}$[/tex] & [tex]$HCO_3^{-}$[/tex] & [tex]$Ca(HCO_3)_2$[/tex] \\
\hline
Aluminum hydroxide & [tex]$Al^{3+}$[/tex] & [tex]$OH^{-}$[/tex] & [tex]$Al(OH)_3$[/tex] \\
\hline
Lithium phosphate & [tex]$Li^{+}$[/tex] & [tex]$PO_4^{3-}$[/tex] & [tex]$Li_3PO_4$[/tex] \\
\hline
Potassium sulfate & [tex]$K^{+}$[/tex] & [tex]$SO_4^{2-}$[/tex] & [tex]$K_2SO_4$[/tex] \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
1. Potassium carbonate:
- Positive Ion: [tex]\( K ^{+} \)[/tex]
- Negative Ion: [tex]\( CO_3^{2-} \)[/tex]
Since potassium ions each have a charge of +1 and carbonate ions have a charge of -2, we need two potassium ions to balance the charge of one carbonate ion.
- Formula: [tex]\( K_2CO_3 \)[/tex]
2. Sodium nitrate:
- Positive Ion: [tex]\( Na^{+} \)[/tex]
- Negative Ion: [tex]\( NO_3^{-} \)[/tex]
Sodium ions each have a charge of +1 and nitrate ions have a charge of -1, so we need only one sodium ion to balance one nitrate ion.
- Formula: [tex]\( NaNO_3 \)[/tex]
3. Calcium bicarbonate:
- Positive Ion: [tex]\( Ca^{2+} \)[/tex]
- Negative Ion: [tex]\( HCO_3^{-} \)[/tex]
Calcium ions each have a charge of +2 and bicarbonate ions have a charge of -1, so we need two bicarbonate ions to balance one calcium ion.
- Formula: [tex]\( Ca(HCO_3)_2 \)[/tex]
4. Aluminum hydroxide:
- Positive Ion: [tex]\( Al^{3+} \)[/tex]
- Negative Ion: [tex]\( OH^{-} \)[/tex]
Aluminum ions each have a charge of +3 and hydroxide ions have a charge of -1, so we need three hydroxide ions to balance one aluminum ion.
- Formula: [tex]\( Al(OH)_3 \)[/tex]
5. Lithium phosphate:
- Positive Ion: [tex]\( Li^{+} \)[/tex]
- Negative Ion: [tex]\( PO_4^{3-} \)[/tex]
Lithium ions each have a charge of +1 and phosphate ions have a charge of -3, so we need three lithium ions to balance one phosphate ion.
- Formula: [tex]\( Li_3PO_4 \)[/tex]
6. Potassium sulfate:
- Positive Ion: [tex]\( K^{+} \)[/tex]
- Negative Ion: [tex]\( SO_4^{2-} \)[/tex]
Potassium ions each have a charge of +1 and sulfate ions have a charge of -2, so we need two potassium ions to balance one sulfate ion.
- Formula: [tex]\( K_2SO_4 \)[/tex]
Here's the completed table with the formulas filled in:
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
Name & Positive Ion & Negative Ion & Formula \\
\hline
Potassium carbonate & [tex]$K ^{+}$[/tex] & [tex]$CO_3^{2-}$[/tex] & [tex]$K_2CO_3$[/tex] \\
\hline
Sodium nitrate & [tex]$Na^{+}$[/tex] & [tex]$NO_3^{-}$[/tex] & [tex]$NaNO_3$[/tex] \\
\hline
Calcium bicarbonate & [tex]$Ca^{2+}$[/tex] & [tex]$HCO_3^{-}$[/tex] & [tex]$Ca(HCO_3)_2$[/tex] \\
\hline
Aluminum hydroxide & [tex]$Al^{3+}$[/tex] & [tex]$OH^{-}$[/tex] & [tex]$Al(OH)_3$[/tex] \\
\hline
Lithium phosphate & [tex]$Li^{+}$[/tex] & [tex]$PO_4^{3-}$[/tex] & [tex]$Li_3PO_4$[/tex] \\
\hline
Potassium sulfate & [tex]$K^{+}$[/tex] & [tex]$SO_4^{2-}$[/tex] & [tex]$K_2SO_4$[/tex] \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
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