Adaptation drives evolution in response to environmental changes, mass extinctions trigger rapid evolutionary shifts, and homologous structures indicate evolutionary relatedness.
Adaptation is the driving force behind evolution in response to long-term environmental changes. Organisms develop specific traits to survive in their changing environments, influencing their evolutionary paths. For instance, the Galapagos finches' beak adaptations in response to varying seed availability showcase environmental-driven evolution.
The occurrence of mass extinction events often leads to rapid evolutionary changes afterward. The sudden loss of numerous species creates new ecological niches for surviving species, prompting rapid adaptations and speciation.
Species with homologous structures are more likely to be closely related than those with analogous structures. Similar structures resulting from shared ancestry indicate a closer evolutionary relationship between species.
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