Final answer:
Federal debt results from government spending exceeding tax revenue, leading to a transfer of purchasing power from the private sector to the public sector.
Explanation:
Federal debt occurs when the government spends more than it collects in taxes and must borrow to cover the difference. This borrowing, also known as the government budget deficit, involves flows of money between the government sector and the financial sector. It leads to a transfer of purchasing power from the private sector to the public sector as the government borrows from financial markets to finance its activities.
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