Translation is the process of converting mRNA codons into amino acids using tRNAs to create polypeptides, forming proteins.
Translation is the process of synthesizing a chain of amino acids called a polypeptide from the mRNA sequence using tRNAs. Each amino acid is defined within the mRNA by a triplet of nucleotides called a codon, and the relationship between an mRNA codon and its corresponding amino acid is called the genetic code.
During translation, the mRNA codons are read in triplets, each corresponding to a specific amino acid carried by tRNA to the ribosome where they are covalently linked together by peptide bonds. This process results in the creation of a protein product, which is a polypeptide composed of various amino acids.
In essence, translation converts nucleotide-based genetic information into the 'language' of amino acids, leading to the formation of proteins that perform essential functions in cells and living organisms.
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