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Solid calcium carbonate [tex]$\left( CaCO_3 \right)$[/tex] reacts with hydrochloric acid [tex]$(HCl)$[/tex] to form carbon dioxide, water, and calcium chloride [tex]$\left( CaCl_2 \right)$[/tex], according to this equation:
[tex]\[ CaCO_3(s) + 2HCl(aq) \rightarrow CaCl_2(aq) + H_2O(l) + CO_2(g) \][/tex]

Which of these actions would increase the rate of this reaction? Check all that apply.

A. Using a more concentrated [tex]$HCl$[/tex] solution
B. Crushing the [tex]$CaCO_3$[/tex] into a fine powder
C. Increasing the pressure on the system

Sagot :

GinnyAnswer
To determine how to increase the rate of the reaction between solid calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), consider the following principles based on chemical kinetics and reaction mechanisms:

1. Using a more concentrated HCl solution:
- Reasoning: Increasing the concentration of hydrochloric acid increases the number of HCl molecules present in a given volume. With more HCl molecules directly available, there is an increased likelihood of collision between reactant molecules. This enhances the reaction rate by providing more reactant molecules to participate in the reaction at any moment.
- Conclusion: This action will increase the rate of the reaction.

2. Crushing the CaCO₃ into a fine powder:
- Reasoning: Crushing the solid CaCO₃ increases its surface area. Greater surface area allows more of the solid's particles to be exposed to the HCl in solution. As a result, there are more sites for the reaction to occur, leading to an increased frequency of collisions between the HCl molecules and the CaCO₃ surface. This boosts the reaction rate.
- Conclusion: This action will increase the rate of the reaction.

3. Increasing the pressure on the system:
- Reasoning: The reaction in question produces carbon dioxide gas (CO₂). While increasing the pressure on the system generally affects reactions involving gases by increasing their concentration and, thus, the reaction rate, the increase in pressure in this context primarily affects the CO₂ produced. Since CO₂ escapes the solution as a gas, increasing pressure would not significantly influence the rate of the reaction between CaCO₃ and HCl in aqueous form. For reactions involving solids and liquids, pressure changes have a negligible impact on reaction rates.
- Conclusion: This action will not significantly increase the rate of the reaction.

Therefore, the actions that would increase the rate of the reaction between solid calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) are:
- using a more concentrated HCl solution
- crushing the CaCO₃ into a fine powder
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