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Materials:
- Glass jar or plastic water bottle with straight sides
- Ruler or tape measure (cm)
- Soil
- Water

Procedure:
1. Fill the jar at least half full of soil but no more than 2/3 full.
2. Fill the rest of the jar with water but leave a small bit of airspace for shaking.
3. Optional: Add a teaspoon of powdered laundry detergent.
4. Cap the lid tightly and shake vigorously for one minute or until all particles and clumps are broken up.
5. Leave the jar undisturbed for 24 hours, although you will see sand settle out very quickly.
6. After 24 hours, measure and record the depth in centimeters of each layer: sand, silt, and clay.
7. Measure and record the total depth in centimeters of all settled soil. Note: You might still have murky water due to unsettled clay particles. Do not measure the muddy water.
8. Divide each layer by the total depth, and multiply by 100 to get a percentage of each type of particle. For example, if the total depth is 6 cm, and the sand layer is 3.5 cm, then [tex]\( \left( \frac{3.5}{6} \right) \times 100 = 58\% \)[/tex] sand.

Soil Shake-Up Lab Data

| Soil Type | Layer Depth (cm or mm) | Total Depth (cm or mm) | Layer Depth/Total x 100 (%) |
|-----------|------------------------|------------------------|----------------------------|
| Sand | | | |
| Silt | | | |
| Clay | | | |

Sagot :

GinnyAnswer
Let's walk through the procedure as outlined and calculate the percentages of each type of particle step by step.

For the sample scenario we have:

- Depth of sand: 3.5 cm
- Depth of silt: 2.0 cm
- Depth of clay: 0.5 cm

Step 1: Measure and record the depth of each layer

Sand layer depth: 3.5 cm
Silt layer depth: 2.0 cm
Clay layer depth: 0.5 cm

Step 2: Calculate the total depth of all settled soil

Total depth = Sand depth + Silt depth + Clay depth
Total depth = 3.5 cm + 2.0 cm + 0.5 cm = 6.0 cm

Step 3: Calculate the percentage of each type of particle

The percentage of each type is obtained by dividing the depth of that layer by the total depth and multiplying by 100.

[tex]\[ \text{Sand percentage} = \left( \frac{\text{Sand depth}}{\text{Total depth}} \right) \times 100 \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Sand percentage} = \left( \frac{3.5 \, \text{cm}}{6.0 \, \text{cm}} \right) \times 100 = 58.33\% \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \text{Silt percentage} = \left( \frac{\text{Silt depth}}{\text{Total depth}} \right) \times 100 \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Silt percentage} = \left( \frac{2.0 \, \text{cm}}{6.0 \, \text{cm}} \right) \times 100 = 33.33\% \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \text{Clay percentage} = \left( \frac{\text{Clay depth}}{\text{Total depth}} \right) \times 100 \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Clay percentage} = \left( \frac{0.5 \, \text{cm}}{6.0 \, \text{cm}} \right) \times 100 = 8.33\% \][/tex]

Step 4: Create a table in your notebook

| Soil Type | Layer Depth (cm) | Total Depth (cm) | Layer Depth/Total Depth (%) |
|-----------|------------------|------------------|-----------------------------|
| Sand | 3.5 | 6.0 | 58.33% |
| Silt | 2.0 | 6.0 | 33.33% |
| Clay | 0.5 | 6.0 | 8.33% |

Now you have successfully calculated and tabulated the percentages for each type of soil particle based on their respective depths and the total depth of the settled soil.
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