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Sagot :
To address the issue and resolve the claim, let's consider each of the provided options:
A. Test a fourth group, in which participants do not receive the mineral supplement.
- This option introduces a control group that receives no dosage of the mineral supplement. Having a control group is a crucial part of scientific research because it allows for comparison with the test groups. This helps determine if the effects observed in the test groups are genuinely due to the supplement or other factors. By comparing the common cold incidence in the control group with those in the supplement groups, the efficacy of the supplement can be assessed more accurately.
B. Test all three groups, with each participant receiving the mineral supplement for 12 months.
- Extending the testing period to 12 months could provide more data on the long-term effectiveness of the supplement. However, this change does not address the need for a control group. Without a control group, it's challenging to attribute the reduced common cold cases directly to the supplement rather than other variables such as seasonal changes, participants' varying health conditions, or placebo effect.
C. Test only one group, with each participant receiving [tex]$200 mg /$[/tex] day of the mineral supplement.
- This option changes the dosage and reduces the number of test groups to one. However, testing only one group removes the comparative aspect essential in an investigation. Without multiple dosages and a control group, it's impossible to understand the dosage effectiveness or compare the results against a baseline without supplementation.
Among these options, Option A is the most appropriate solution as it would remove the source of the error. Introducing a control group ensures that there is a valid baseline to compare the incidence rates of the common cold, thereby validating or refuting the claim of the supplement's effectiveness based on evidence.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
A. Test a fourth group, in which participants do not receive the mineral supplement.
A. Test a fourth group, in which participants do not receive the mineral supplement.
- This option introduces a control group that receives no dosage of the mineral supplement. Having a control group is a crucial part of scientific research because it allows for comparison with the test groups. This helps determine if the effects observed in the test groups are genuinely due to the supplement or other factors. By comparing the common cold incidence in the control group with those in the supplement groups, the efficacy of the supplement can be assessed more accurately.
B. Test all three groups, with each participant receiving the mineral supplement for 12 months.
- Extending the testing period to 12 months could provide more data on the long-term effectiveness of the supplement. However, this change does not address the need for a control group. Without a control group, it's challenging to attribute the reduced common cold cases directly to the supplement rather than other variables such as seasonal changes, participants' varying health conditions, or placebo effect.
C. Test only one group, with each participant receiving [tex]$200 mg /$[/tex] day of the mineral supplement.
- This option changes the dosage and reduces the number of test groups to one. However, testing only one group removes the comparative aspect essential in an investigation. Without multiple dosages and a control group, it's impossible to understand the dosage effectiveness or compare the results against a baseline without supplementation.
Among these options, Option A is the most appropriate solution as it would remove the source of the error. Introducing a control group ensures that there is a valid baseline to compare the incidence rates of the common cold, thereby validating or refuting the claim of the supplement's effectiveness based on evidence.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
A. Test a fourth group, in which participants do not receive the mineral supplement.
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