Final answer:
Specific gravity is the ratio of a substance's density to that of water, determined using hydrostatic weighing. Chemistry influences specific gravity, with minerals having heavier elements showing higher specific gravities.
Explanation:
Specific gravity is calculated as the ratio of the density of a substance to that of water. It can be determined through hydrostatic weighing, where weight and apparent weight are used as input to find the specific gravity.
Density and specific gravity measurements involve using binary mixtures with at least one fluid phase. Specific gravity is a dimensionless measurement obtained by comparing the density of a substance to that of water under the same conditions.
Composition and chemistry play a role in determining specific gravity because minerals with heavier elements and more tightly packed atoms will have higher specific gravities.
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