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Select the correct answer.

Heather's work to find the distance between two points, [tex]R(-3, -4)[/tex] and [tex]S(5, 7)[/tex], is shown:

[tex]\[
\begin{aligned}
RS & = \sqrt{((-4) - (-3))^2 + (7 - 5)^2} \\
& = \sqrt{(-1)^2 + (2)^2} \\
& = \sqrt{1 + 4} \\
& = \sqrt{5}
\end{aligned}
\][/tex]

What error, if any, did Heather make?

A. She substituted incorrectly into the distance formula.
B. She subtracted the coordinates instead of adding them.
C. She made a sign error when simplifying inside the radical.
D. She made no errors.


Sagot :

Let's walk through the problem step-by-step to understand where Heather might have gone wrong.

We are given two points:
- Point [tex]\( R(-3, -4) \)[/tex]
- Point [tex]\( S(5, 7) \)[/tex]

The formula to calculate the distance between two points [tex]\((x_1, y_1)\)[/tex] and [tex]\((x_2, y_2)\)[/tex] is given by:
[tex]\[ d = \sqrt{(x_2 - x_1)^2 + (y_2 - y_1)^2} \][/tex]

1. Calculate the Differences:

[tex]\[ \Delta x = x_2 - x_1 = 5 - (-3) = 5 + 3 = 8 \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \Delta y = y_2 - y_1 = 7 - (-4) = 7 + 4 = 11 \][/tex]

2. Square the Differences:

[tex]\[ (\Delta x)^2 = 8^2 = 64 \][/tex]

[tex]\[ (\Delta y)^2 = 11^2 = 121 \][/tex]

3. Add the Squares:

[tex]\[ \text{Sum of squares} = 64 + 121 = 185 \][/tex]

4. Calculate the Distance:

[tex]\[ d = \sqrt{185} \approx 13.60 \][/tex]

Now, let's analyze Heather's calculations:

[tex]\[ RS = \sqrt{((-4)-(-3))^2 + (7-5)^2} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ RS = \sqrt{(-1)^2 + (2)^2} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ RS = \sqrt{1 + 4} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ RS = \sqrt{5} \][/tex]

Heather's Calculation:
[tex]\[ RS = \sqrt{5} \approx 2.236 \][/tex]

Compare Heather's calculation with the correct calculation.

Heather substituted [tex]\((x_2, y_1)\)[/tex] and [tex]\((y_2 - y_1)\)[/tex] as follows:
[tex]\[ \Delta x = -4 - (-3) = -1 \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \Delta y = 7 - 5 = 2 \][/tex]

While the correct differences should be:
[tex]\[ x_2 - x_1 = 5 - (-3) = 8 \][/tex]
[tex]\[ y_2 - y_1 = 7 - (-4) = 11 \][/tex]

When Heather calculated the distance, she used the wrong differences. Therefore, the error lies in how she substituted the coordinates into the distance formula.

Thus, the correct answer is:
A. She substituted incorrectly into the distance formula.