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Example 2:
Find the rule of the following map:

[tex]\[ \begin{array}{cccccc}
0 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\
\downarrow & \downarrow & \downarrow & \downarrow & \downarrow & \downarrow \\
2 & 5 & 8 & 11 & 14 & 17 \\
\end{array} \][/tex]

Sagot :

Certainly! Let's carefully examine the given mappings to identify the underlying rule.

We have the following input-output pairs:

[tex]\[ \begin{array}{cccccc} 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\ \downarrow & \downarrow & \downarrow & \downarrow & \downarrow & \downarrow \\ 2 & 5 & 8 & 11 & 14 & 17 \end{array} \][/tex]

To find the rule, we will analyze the relationship between each input [tex]\( x \)[/tex] and its corresponding output [tex]\( y \)[/tex].

1. Identify the change in mapping:

For [tex]\( x = 0 \)[/tex], [tex]\( y = 2 \)[/tex]
For [tex]\( x = 1 \)[/tex], [tex]\( y = 5 \)[/tex]
For [tex]\( x = 2 \)[/tex], [tex]\( y = 8 \)[/tex]
For [tex]\( x = 3 \)[/tex], [tex]\( y = 11 \)[/tex]
For [tex]\( x = 4 \)[/tex], [tex]\( y = 14 \)[/tex]
For [tex]\( x = 5 \)[/tex], [tex]\( y = 17 \)[/tex]

2. Examine the pattern:

Let's analyze the changes in the output values:

- [tex]\( 5 - 2 = 3 \)[/tex]
- [tex]\( 8 - 5 = 3 \)[/tex]
- [tex]\( 11 - 8 = 3 \)[/tex]
- [tex]\( 14 - 11 = 3 \)[/tex]
- [tex]\( 17 - 14 = 3 \)[/tex]

We see a consistent change of [tex]\( 3 \)[/tex] in the output when the input increases by [tex]\( 1 \)[/tex].

3. Determine the relationship:

Given the pattern, we can hypothesize that the relationship between [tex]\( y \)[/tex] and [tex]\( x \)[/tex] is linear: [tex]\( y = mx + c \)[/tex], where [tex]\( m \)[/tex] is the slope and [tex]\( c \)[/tex] is the y-intercept.

From the pattern above, the slope [tex]\( m \)[/tex] is [tex]\( 3 \)[/tex] because the output increases by 3 for each increase of 1 in the input.

Let's determine the y-intercept [tex]\( c \)[/tex]:

Using the first pair [tex]\((0, 2)\)[/tex]:

[tex]\[ y = 3x + c \][/tex]
[tex]\[ 2 = 3(0) + c \][/tex]
[tex]\[ c = 2 \][/tex]

Thus, the rule is established as:

[tex]\[ y = 3x + 2 \][/tex]

4. Verify the rule:

To ensure our derived rule [tex]\( y = 3x + 2 \)[/tex] is correct, let's apply it to all given input values:

- For [tex]\( x = 0 \)[/tex], [tex]\( y = 3(0) + 2 = 2 \)[/tex]
- For [tex]\( x = 1 \)[/tex], [tex]\( y = 3(1) + 2 = 5 \)[/tex]
- For [tex]\( x = 2 \)[/tex], [tex]\( y = 3(2) + 2 = 8 \)[/tex]
- For [tex]\( x = 3 \)[/tex], [tex]\( y = 3(3) + 2 = 11 \)[/tex]
- For [tex]\( x = 4 \)[/tex], [tex]\( y = 3(4) + 2 = 14 \)[/tex]
- For [tex]\( x = 5 \)[/tex], [tex]\( y = 3(5) + 2 = 17 \)[/tex]

All the values match the given mapping perfectly.

Therefore, the rule for the given mapping is:

[tex]\[ y = 3x + 2 \][/tex]