1. What is the implication of the statement, "The ECC unbanned itself and began acting in defiance of its restriction order," in the context of the ECC's reaction to the Apartheid government?

2. Identify TWO protest actions in the source that the ECC embarked on against the conscription policy.

3. Quote evidence from the source that indicates that the ECC was gaining momentum during 1987.

4. What conclusion can be drawn from the statement, "Their plight had finally hit the front pages," in the context of the reaction to the ECC's anti-conscription movement?

5. Comment on why you think the ECC was an important voice for all men to resist the Apartheid government.

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1. The ECC unbanned itself and began acting in defiance of its restriction order: The statement implies that the ECC (End Conscription Campaign) refused to adhere to the Apartheid government's restrictions and continued its activities despite being officially banned. This shows the ECC's determination and resistance against the oppressive policies of the Apartheid regime.

2. Identify TWO protest actions:
- Tying yellow ribbons around trees and poles.
- Handing out pamphlets.

3. Evidence indicating ECC's momentum during 1987:
- "In 1987, 23 Cape Town men had jointly declared themselves to be COS (Conscientious Objectors), and by the following year, this number had grown to 143."
- "When 771 men publicly stated their refusal to serve in the SADF on 21 September 1989, what followed was an outpouring of sentiment in favor of Conscientious Objection."

4. Conclusion from "Their plight had finally hit the front pages": This indicates that the ECC's efforts and the broader anti-conscription movement had gained significant public attention and media coverage, leading to increased awareness and support for their cause.

5. Importance of the ECC: The ECC was a crucial voice for all men to resist the Apartheid government because it provided a platform for conscientious objection and mobilized public opinion against compulsory military service, highlighting the injustices of the Apartheid regime.

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- (2x2) (4)
- (2x1) (2)
- (1x2) (2)
- (2x2) (4)
- (2x2) (4)

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Source Excerpt:

The ECC unbanned itself and began acting in defiance of its restriction order. Banners were dusted off and seen flying throughout the country. The police still attempted to suppress these peaceful and sporadic (irregular) protests and arrested ten ECC members in Durban for tying yellow ribbons around trees and poles and handing out pamphlets.

Conscientious Objection was becoming a more acceptable, less intimidating form of protest against the apartheid regime. In 1987, 23 Cape Town men had jointly declared themselves to be COS (Conscientious Objectors), and by the following year, this number had grown to 143. When 771 men publicly stated their refusal to serve in the SADF on 21 September 1989, what followed was an outpouring of sentiment in favor of Conscientious Objection; a critical mass of support for the anti-conscription movement had been reached and objectors no longer feared possible repercussions (consequences). Their plight had finally hit the front pages. The list of 771 COs was distributed nationally and soon an official register of objectors included over 1,000 names.

"(The 771) included [both] English and Afrikaans-speaking men...among the group were bishops, priests, doctors, lawyers, teachers, dentists, computer scientists, university lecturers and professors, engineers, journalists, musicians, actors, a company director, students, and scholars. The youngest was 17 years old and the oldest 52 years old."

[From https://www.saha.org.za/ecc25/war_resistance_update.htm - War Resistance. Accessed on 5 February 2024.]