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Which accounting concept is used in each of the following accounting treatment?

The cost of a tape dispenser has been charged to an expense account, although in fact it could still be in use in ten years’ time.
A sole proprietor has sold his private house, but has not recorded anything about it in the business records.
A debt has been written off as a bad debt even though there is still a chance that the debtor eventually may be able to pay it.
A machine has been bought for an exceedingly low figure,and it has been entered in the asset account at that figure even though it is worth more.
A motor van broke down in December , 2017. The repair bill for it was not until 2018 yet it has been treated as a 2017 expense.

Sagot :

The accounting concepts that provide guidance for recording the following business events are as follows.  The business transactions are numbered from (a) to (e) below:

1) Materiality Concept is applied because the impact of the cost of the tape dispenser being "expensed" is not significant on the reader of the financial statement.

2) Entity Concept requires separation between the finances of the owner from the finances of the business.  The business is a separate economic unit distinct from the sole proprietor.

3) Prudence Concept demands that expenses (like the bad debt written off) and liabilities are not underestimated and revenues and assets should not be overestimated.

4) Historical Cost Concept: Generally accepted accounting principles require the initial recognition of an asset at its purchase cost and not fair value.

5) Accrual Concept and Matching Principle: The accrual concept requires that expenses that have been incurred for a period should be accounted for in that period, whether cash payment is made or not.  The matching principle states that expenses (Van Repair Expense) should be matched to the revenue that they generate.

Thus, accounting concepts are the basic assumptions, rule, and principles for recording business transactions and events and preparing accounts and financial statements.

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