Sickle cell anemia is caused by a substitution mutation in the Beta Globin chain of chromosome 11.
Sickle cell anemia results from the point mutation that causes the codon previously responsible for coding for Glucine, to now code for the amino acid Valine. This occurs due to the substitution of an A nucleotide in codon six, for that for a T nucleotide.
The mutation in this codon occurs during the duplication of DNA and causes problems during the transcription process. This is when the code is read in order to produce the amino acids necessary to create proteins. Though the problem arises during transcription, the error was in the nucleotide sequence of the original DNA sequence due to its hereditary nature.
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