The problem that created bank runs was fear of a bank's unfolding insolvency, which may or may not be legitimate, and it usually deepens the banking crisis.
Bank runs occur when many depositors withdraw their deposits in droves from their banks based on some fear the banks could experience liquidity problems.
This implies that a bank run is a result of panic and not insolvency resulting from illiquidity.
For example, the stock market crash of 1929, when thousands of bank customers withdrew their deposits, leaving the banks with no cash. The effects were that loans went bad and farmers became illiquid and unable to operate.
Thus, the problem that created bank runs was fear of a bank's unfolding insolvency, which may or may not be legitimate, and it usually deepens the banking crisis.
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