The term "heat budget" refers to the equilibrium between the heat that enters and leaves the planet. To keep conditions constant, the budget must be balanced so that the amount of heat coming in equals the amount of heat leaving.
The atmosphere, clouds, and surface of the Earth reflect about 30% of the solar energy that enters the planet back into space. In the atmosphere, 23% more of the energy is absorbed by water vapor, clouds, and dust and transformed into heat.
The land and oceans absorb nearly half (47%) of the sun's incoming radiation, which heats the Earth's surface.
Three processes—conduction, radiation, and latent heat—return the energy the Earth absorbed to the atmosphere.
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