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Question: Explain the difference and similarities of the chromosomes in a cell at metaphase of MITOSIS and in a cell at metaphase 2 of MEIOSIS?
Explanation:
In the metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes line up at the equatorial plate at the centromere, which joins sister (identical) chromatids. In metaphase I of meiosis, they are aligned at the equatorial plate by the chiasmata that join the tetrads, already recombined. Thus, in metaphase II of meiosis, the sister chromatids are genetically distinct because of crossing over in meiosis I during prophase 1.
Answer:
Similarities in the chromosomes between metaphase of Mitosis and Metaphase 2 of Meiosis:
In metaphase II of meiosis and metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate due to the action of microtubule spindle fibers emanating from the centrosomes located at opposite cell poles. These fibers are attached to the chromosomes by kinetochores at the centromeres of the chromosomes.
The chromosomes are similar in that each is composed of two sister chromatids and the individual chromosomes are positioned similarly on the metaphase plate.
Differences in the chromosomes between metaphase of Mitosis and Metaphase 2 of Meiosis:
The chromosome differs in that in a mitotically dividing cell, sister chromatids of each chromosome are genetically identical, but in a meiotically dividing cell, sister chromatids are genetically distinct because of crossing over in meiosis I. Moreover, the number of chromosomes at the equatorial plate in meiosis II is half the number in the mitotic nucleus.
In metaphase II the chromosomes are aligned at the center of the cell. This time there are no homologous chromosomes to be paired with.
In mitosis, the sister chromatids that make up a given chromosome are identical. In meiosis II, they may differ in length if they participate in crossing over during prophase I. The chromosomes then differ in length when they reach metaphase II.
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